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This synoptic essay considers the nature and evolution of the Marxist theory that developed in Western Europe, after the defeat of the proletarian rebellions in the West and the isolation of the Russian Revolution in the East in the early 1920s. It focuses particularly on the work of Lukács, Korsch and Gramsci; Adorno, Marcuse and Benjamin; Sartre and Althusser; and Della Volpe and Colletti, together with other figures within Western Marxism from 1920 to 1975. The theoretical production of each of these thinkers is related simultaneously to the practical fate of working-class struggles and to the cultural mutations of bourgeois thought in their time. The philosophical antecedents of the various school within this tradition—Lukácsian, Gramscian, Frankfurt, Sartrean, Althusserian and Della Volpean—are compared, and the specific innovations of their respective systems surveyed. The structural unity of 'Western Marxism', beyond the diversity of its individual thinkers, is then assessed, in a balance-sheet that contrasts its heritage with the tradition of 'classical' Marxism that preceded it, and with the commanding problems which will confront any historical materialism to succeed it.
- Sales Rank: #1229182 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Verso Editions/ Verso Books
- Published on: 1976-09-16
- Released on: 1976-09-16
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.40" h x .30" w x 5.40" l, .41 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 140 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
“A splendid essay in intellectual history … an elegant and acute, brilliantly laconic and deeply-felt survey.”
—Eric Hobsbawm, New Statesman
“By far the best intellectual history of European Marxism.”
—New Society
“Profoundly original and innovating … a general interpretation of the great currents of Marxist thought.”
—Le Monde
“By far the best guide to modern Marxism.”
—Economist
“Essential reading … Its style is a rare literary pleasure.”
—Time Out
“Shares intellectual power and control, mastery of material and range of vision, suppleness of judgment and elegance of compression.”
—Times Educational Supplement
“A fascinating social history of Western Marxism.”
—The Insurgent Sociologist
“Iridescent, nuanced and compact.”
—Tribune
About the Author
Perry Anderson is the author of, among other books, Spectrum, Lineages of the Absolutist State, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism, Considerations on Western Marxism, English Questions, The Origins of Postmodernity, and The New Old World. He teaches history at UCLA and is on the editorial board of New Left Review.
Most helpful customer reviews
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Review
By CB
Perry Anderson's 'Considerations of Western Marxism' is philosophical history at it's apex. It's nearly impossible for any author, and his/her book to share the perfect trinity of non-fiction attributes: Laconic, edifying, and clear.
The book is a mere 105 pages. In such a short scope Anderson takes the reader on a quick tour (de force) through the Halls of Marxism dating after Marx death. Engels is his starting point, and Sartre and Althusser are roughly his ending point. His focus is Western Marxism; the Marxist theorist West of the USSR.
The edification comes from the fact that in so few words, Anderson says so much. One won't be well versed on any of the thinkers discussed, but they'll at least know what they're getting into upon approaching them in the future. Moreover, the reader will learn quite a bit about the genuine history behind the history of Marxism. By this I mean political parties, revolutions, shifts in National spirit, etc. Moreover, in offering glimpses into each thinkers history and thought, he also lobs what are ostensibly cogent criticisms at said individuals and whole schools of thought.
Finally, Anderson is clear. This is a nearly impossible task given the dilemma of keeping a text both short, yet stuffing each sentence with a bloated amount of information. Read for yourself and you'll probably reach the same conclusion that Anderson pulls it off.
18 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
Negative dialectics between theory and practice
By Suckwoo Lee
Perry Anderson is a leading editor of New Left review and a prominent Marxist historian. His two part work, ¡®Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism¡¯ and ¡®Lineage of the Absolutist State¡¯ (see my reviews on those books for detail), is now counted as classic. In this short booklet, he poses two perplexing questions: ¡®why have Western Marxists been written so difficult to read?¡¯; ¡®why has there been no significant research on politics and economy among Western Marxists circle? Marxism is initially oriented towards practice. So its theory should be easy to be read by layperson and for its major premise is to transform the political economy, Marxist theory should tackle the very target of the transformation. But leading figures of Western Marxism, such as Lukacs, members of Frankfurt school like Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse, Wlater Benjamin, and Fromm, paid little, if any, attention to economics or politics, but to methodology, philosophy or aesthetics. Besides, their writing styles are not behind Hegel or Heidegger in its difficulty to decipher.
Perry Anderson argues that it¡¯s because the lack of prospect of revolution after the end of World War I. Marxist theorists were isolated from working class that was supposed to be the agent of revolution to end capitalism. Without such a vision, Marxist theorists were obsessed with pessimism. They could not have the vision of revolution. So philosophy and aesthetics were the escape from reality. For example, most works of Frankfurt school take a cynical stance against the reality under capitalism. They need a sanctuary protected from polluted reality. But that kind of place could not be found in the real world. Philosophy and aesthetics provide the spot to look down on the muddy secular world.
One writes to be read by others. But interwar Marxists did not imagine of any reader in working class. Therefore their works should be directed to colleague scholars in ivory tower.
In Adorno¡¯s word, such a stance should be called as ¡®Negative Dialectics¡¯. Adorno said ¡®Negative dialectics is a phrase flouts tradition. As early as Plato, dialectics meant to achieve something positive by means of negation: the thought figure of a ¡®negation of negation¡¯¡¦Negative dialectics seeks to free dialectics from such affirmative traits.¡¯ It¡¯s negation for negation. There is nothing to be achieved (revolution). Dialectics, thus, cannot but float over reality towards unrealized, maybe unattainable, reality.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
The Best Introduction to Western Marxism
By Mark Cassidy
Perry Anderson’s “Considerations on Western Marxism” is remarkable for both its clarity and its brevity. Everyone interested in Western Marxism should read this book as it is an excellent history of the Western Marxist current covering both its origins and major concerns. Nevertheless, the book is not without issues.
First, Anderson did not set out to write a book on Western Marxism. Rather, a publisher commissioned him to write an introduction for planned survey of Western Marxism that was to include essays detailing the work of the current’s major figures. As Anderson intended “Considerations on Western Marxism” to be an introduction to a larger work, he focused on the history of Western Marxism rather than on the thought of the figures within the current. Accordingly, while the book provides the historical context for understanding Western Marxism, it does not provide a detailed survey of its members’ thought. For that, you will need to turn to other works (I suggest Martin Jay’s “Marxism and Totality: The Adventures of a Concept from Lukács to Habermas”).
Second, Anderson’s assessment of Western Marxism is almost entirely negative. Anderson believes that Western Marxism (not entirely without reason) is an aberration in the history of Marxist thought – a current in which theory was divorced from practice, and as such one that was infused with pessimism and negativity. While there is some merit to this assessment (especially regarding Adorno), I do not think it is an entirely fair given the considerable differences that existed between the thinkers lumped under the banner of Western Marxism and the work they subsequently inspired.
Third, as of this writing, the book is forty years old. While that in of itself is not a problem, one has to keep in mind the period during which Anderson was writing. The events of May were still relatively fresh and workers movements were still strong across the developed world. Anderson could not see that capitalism was in the processing of transforming into neo-liberalism and that a counter-revolution was on the horizon. Under this new state of affairs (soon to be dubbed post-modernism), many of the Western Marxists’ insights into the functioning of modern liberal capitalist democracies took on a new currency.
Like others, I wish that Anderson would write a new forward or afterward to the book reassessing the value of Western Marxism. Since Anderson wrote this book, a number of Marxist thinkers have appeared who concern themselves with many of the same issues as the Western Marxists but who ground their theory in Marxist economics and/or revolutionary practice and who take a much more positive view of the future, despite the setbacks of the past few decades, than the Western Marxists. (Fredric Jameson and David Harvey are two examples of this modern current). Ultimately, my issues with this book are minor when weighed against the quality of the Anderson’s scholarship and the clarity of his writing. Accordingly, I wholeheartedly recommend this book.
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